Zimbabwe

About Zimbabwe    » Capital City : Harare » Continent : Africa » Region : Eastern Africa » Surface Area : 390580.00 » ISO Code : ZW » ISD Code : 263 » Currancy : Zimbabwean Dollar (ZWD) » Local Time : UTC +2h

Independence Year : 1980 Population : 11669000 Life Expectancy : 37.8 Capital : 4068 GNP : 5951.00 GNP Old : 8670.00 Local Name : Zimbabwe Government Form : Republic Location : Landlocked country in Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia. Terrain : Desert and savanna, mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east. Climate : Subtropical and tropical, moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March). Ethnic Group : Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other African 11%, white 1%, mixed and Asian 1%. Religions : Christianity 75%, offshoot Christian sects, animist, and Muslim Official Website :www.gta.gov.zw

Genral Information - Zimbabwe Background The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights for theblack African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began in 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. The ruling ZANU-PF party used fraud and intimidation to win a two-thirds majority in the March 2005 parliamentary election, allowing it to amend the constitution at will and recreate the Senate, which had been abolished in the late 1980s. In April 2005, Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted in the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition. President MUGABE in June 2007 instituted price controls on all basic commodities causing panic buying and leaving store shelves empty for months. General elections held in March 2008 contained irregularities but still amounted to a censure of the ZANU-PF-led government with significant gains in opposition seats in parliament. MDC opposition leader Morgan TSVANGIRAI won the presidential polls, and may have won an out right majority, but official results posted by the Zimbabwe Electoral Committee did not reflect this. In the lead up to a run-off election in late June 2008, considerable violence enacted against opposition party members led to the withdrawal of TSVANGIRAI from the ballot. Extensive evidence of vote tampering and ballot-box stuffing resulted in international condemnation of the process. Difficult negotiations over a power sharing agreement, allowing MUGABE to remain as president and creating the new position of prime minister for TSVANGIRAI, were finally settled in February 2009. Morgan Richard TSVANGIRAI sustained non-life threatening injuries in a car crash on 6 March 2009 when heading towards his rural home in Buhera. His wife, Susan Tsvangirai, was killed in the collision. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook and other)

City District Population Harare Harare 1410000 Bulawayo Bulawayo 621742 Chitungwiza Harare 274912 Mount Darwin Harare 164362 Mutare Manicaland 131367 Gweru Midlands 128037

Language Percentage English 2.2 Ndebele 16.2 Nyanja 2.2 Shona 72.1

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Zambia

About Zambia   » Capital City : Lusaka » Continent : Africa » Region : Eastern Africa » ISO Code : ZM » ISD Code : 260 » Currancy : Zambian Kwacha (ZMK)

Independence Year : 1964 Population : 9169000 Life Expectancy : 37.2 Capital : 3162 GNP : 3377.00 GNP Old : 3922.00 Local Name : Zambia Government Form : Republic Location : Southern Africa, landlocked country east of Angola. Terrain : Varies; mostly high plateau savanna with some hills and mountains Climate : Generally dry and temperate, tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (Oct. to April). Ethnic Group : More than 70 ethnic groups. Main tribes are the Lozi, the Bemba, the Ngoni, the Tonga, the Luda, the Luvale and the Kaonde Religions : Christian, indigenous beliefs, Muslim, Hindu. Official Website :www.parliament.gov.zm

Genral Information - Zambia Background The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook)

City District Population Lusaka Lusaka 1317000 Ndola Copperbelt 329200 Kitwe Copperbelt 288600 Kabwe Central 154300 Chingola Copperbelt 142400 Mufulira Copperbelt 123900 Luanshya Copperbelt 118100

Language Percentage Bemba 29.7 Chewa 5.7 Lozi 6.4 Nsenga 4.3 Nyanja 7.8 Tongan 11.0

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Yugoslavia

About Yugoslavia    » Capital City : Belgrade » Continent : Europe » Region : Southern Europe » Surface Area : 102173.00 » ISO Code : YU » ISD Code : 381 » Currancy : Dinar (YUM) » Local Time :

Independence Year : 1918 Population : 10640000 Life Expectancy : 72.4 Capital : 1792 GNP : 17000.00 GNP Old : 0.00 Local Name : Jugoslavija Government Form : Federal Republic Location : Terrain : Climate : Ethnic Group : Religions : Official Website : www-gewi.uni-graz.at/tourism

Genral Information - Yugoslavia Background Yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all South Slavic intelligentsia and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century Illyrian Movement, that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of Habsburg Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I and the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . However, the kingdom was better known, colloquially as well as even on maps, as Yugoslavia (or Jugo-Slavia in the rest of Europe); in 1929 it was formally renamed the "Kingdom of Yugoslavia".

City District Population Beograd Central Serbia 1204000 Novi Sad Vojvodina 179626 Niš Central Serbia 175391 Priština Kosovo and Metohija 155496 Kragujevac Central Serbia 147305 Podgorica Montenegro 135000 Subotica Vojvodina 100386 Prizren Kosovo and Metohija 92303

Language Percentage Albaniana 16.5 Hungarian 3.4 Macedonian 0.5 Romani 1.4 Serbo-Croatian 75.2 Slovak 0.7

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Yemen

About Yemen    » Capital City : Sana'a » Continent : Asia » Region : Middle East » Surface Area : 527968.00 » ISO Code : YE » ISD Code : 967 » Currancy : Yemeni Rial (YER) » Local Time : UTC + 3h

Independence Year : 1918 Population : 18112000 Life Expectancy : 59.8 Capital : 1780 GNP : 6041.00 GNP Old : 5729.00 Local Name : Al-Yaman Government Form : Republic Location : Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia. Terrain : Mountainous interior bordered by desert with a flat and sandy coastal plain Climate : Temperate in the mountainous regions in the western part of the country, extremely hot with minimal rainfall in the remainder of the country. Humid on the coast. Ethnic Group : Predominantly Arabs, minor Afro-Arabs, South Asians, and Europeans Religions : Islam including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jews, Christians, and Hindus. Official Website :www.presidentsaleh.gov.ye

Genral Information - Yemen Background North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a delimitation of their border. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook)

City District Population Sanaa Sanaa 503600 Aden Aden 398300 Taizz Taizz 317600 Hodeida Hodeida 298500 al-Mukalla Hadramawt 122400 Ibb Ibb 103300

Language Percentage Arabic 99.6 Soqutri 0.0

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Western Sahara

About Western Sahara    » Capital City : Al-'Ayun » Continent : Africa » Region : Northern Africa » Surface Area : 266000.00 » ISO Code : EH » ISD Code : 212 » Currancy : Morocco Dirhams (MAD) » Local Time : UTC -0h

Independence Year : Population : 382617 Life Expectancy : 49.8 Capital : 2453 GNP : 60.00 GNP Old : 0.00 Local Name : As-Sahrawiya Government Form : Occupied by Marocco Location : Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco Terrain : mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast Climate : hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew Ethnic Group : Arab, Berber Religions : Muslim Official Website : www.arso.org

Genral Information - Western Sahara Geography Located in northern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean, Western Sahara is surrounded by Algeria to the east, Morocco to the north, and Mauritania to the south. About the size of Colorado, it is mostly low, flat desert with some small mountains in the south and northeast. Government Legal status of the territory is disputed and sovereignty unresolved; a UN referendum on the issue is planned. The territory is contested by Morocco and the Polisario Front, which in Feb. 1976, formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic, now officially recognized by about 55 countries. History Little is known about Western Sahara before the 4th century B.C. , when trade with Europe began. During the Middle Ages it was occupied first by Berbers and then by the Arabic-speaking Muslim Bedouins. In the 19th century the Spanish laid claim to the southern coastal region, called Rio de Oro, and later occupied the northern interior region, Saguia el Hamra, in 1934. The Spanish formally united the two regions, and it became known as Spanish Sahara in 1958. Both Morocco and Mauritania sought to control the territory, and when the Spanish departed in 1976, they divided the territory between them. In the meantime, the indigenous Saharawis began fighting for independence. In 1976, the insurgents, called the Polisario Front, declared a government-in-exile (the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic) from their base in Algeria. Mauritania reached a peace agreement with the Polisario in 1979, but Morocco then seized the land given up by Mauritania and now exerts administrative control over the entire region. The Polisario Front fought Morocco to a stalemate and agreed in Sept. 1991 to a cease-fire, which was contingent on a referendum regarding independence. For more than a decade, however, the UN has failed to hold the referendum; disputes over voter eligibility have been the major stumbling block, as well as Morocco's opposition to the referendum. In Aug. 2001, former secretary of state James A. Baker, special UN envoy to the Western Sahara, proposed that instead of a referendum on independence, Western Sahara consider becoming an autonomous region of Morocco. The Polisario rejected the new proposal, which it saw as a reversal of the UN's decadelong promise to hold a referendum on self-determination. In 2002, King Mohammed VI of Morocco reasserted that he will not “renounce an inch of” the Western Sahara. In Aug. 2003, a UN Security Council resolution adopted a new peace plan that would turn Western Sahara into a semiautonomous region of Morocco for five years, after which a referendum would be held to determine independence, autonomy, or integration into Morocco. The Polisario agreed to the plan; Morocco refused to consider it. In June 2004, a frustrated James Baker resigned after seven years as UN envoy. His successor has vowed to achieve a resolution. The UN has spent more than $600 million on peacekeeping efforts in Western Sahara over the last 13 years. In Aug. 2005, the Polisario freed the last Moroccan prisoners it had been holding. The 404 men had been imprisoned for almost 20 years and were the world's longest-held prisoners of war.

City District Population El-Aaiún El-Aaiún 169000

Language Percentage Arabic 100.0

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Virgin Islands, U.S.

About Virgin Islands, U.S.    » Capital City : Charlotte Amalie » Continent : North America » Region : Caribbean » Surface Area : 350.00 » ISO Code : VI » ISD Code : 1 » Currancy : US Dollar (USD) » Local Time : UTC -4h

Independence Year : Population : 93000 Life Expectancy : 78.1 Capital : 4067 GNP : 0.00 GNP Old : 0.00 Local Name : Virgin Islands of the United States Government Form : US Territory Location : Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico. Terrain : Mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land Climate : subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November. Ethnic Group : black 75%, white 13%, Asian 2%, other 6%, mixed 4% Religions : Baptist, Roman Catholic, Episcopalian Official Website :www.usvitourism.vi

Genral Information - Virgin Islands, U.S. Background The U.S. Virgin Islands are located in the eastern Caribbean, just 1100 miles southeast of Miami. During the 17th century, the archipelago was divided into two territorial units, one English and the other Danish. Sugarcane, produced by slave labor, drove the islands' economy during the 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1917, the US purchased the Danish portion, which had been in economic decline since the abolition of slavery in 1848. Today tourism is the primary economic activity, accounting for 80% of GDP and employment. The islands normally host 2 million visitors a year, many of whom visit on cruise ships.

City District Population Charlotte Amalie St Thomas 13000

Language Percentage English 81.7 French 2.5 Spanish 13.3

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Virgin Islands, British

About Virgin Islands, British    » Capital City : Road Town » Continent : North America » Region : Caribbean » Surface Area : 153.00 » ISO Code : VG » ISD Code : 1 » Currancy : US Dollar (USD) » Local Time : UTC -4h

Independence Year : Population : 21000 Life Expectancy : 75.4 Capital : 537 GNP : 612.00 GNP Old : 573.00 Local Name : British Virgin Islands Government Form : Dependent Territory of the UK Location : Caribbean, east of Puerto Rico Terrain : Coral islands are relatively flat; the volcanic islands steep and hilly Climate : Subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds Ethnic Group : Black 83%, White, Indian, Asian and mixed. Religions : Christianity Official Website :www.bvi.gov.vg

Genral Information - Virgin Islands, British Background The British Virgin Islands comprise more than 40 Caribbean islands and islets, 16 of them are inhabited. First settled by the Dutch in 1648, the islands were annexed in 1672 by the English. During the 17th century, the archipelago was divided into two territorial units, one English and the other Danish. Sugarcane, produced by slave labor, drove the islands' economy during the 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1917, the US purchased the Danish portion, which had been in economic decline since the abolition of slavery in 1848. The economy of BVI is closely tied to the larger and more populous US Virgin Islands to the west; the US dollar is the legal currency.

City District Population Road Town Tortola 8000

Language Percentage English 0.0

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Vietnam

About Vietnam    » Capital City : Hanoi » Continent : Asia » Region : Southeast Asia » Surface Area : 331114.00 » ISO Code : VN » ISD Code : 84 » Currancy : Dong (VND) » Local Time : UTC +7h

Independence Year : 1945 Population : 79832000 Life Expectancy : 69.3 Capital : 3770 GNP : 21929.00 GNP Old : 22834.00 Local Name : Viêt Nam Government Form : Socialistic Republic Location : Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Tonkin and South China Sea Terrain : Varies from mountainous to coastal delta Climate : Tropical monsoon Ethnic Group : Vietnam is a multi-nationality country with 54 ethnic groups. Viet (Kinh) (87%), Chinese (3%), Tay, Thai, Muong, Hoa, Khmer, Nung, other mountain people. Religions : Buddhism, Hoa Hao, Cao Dai, Christian, animism, Islam. Official Website :www.na.gov.vn

Genral Information - Vietnam Background France occupied all of Vietnam by 1884. Independence was declared after World War II, but the French continued to rule until 1954 when they were defeated by communist forces under Ho Chi MINH, who took control of the north. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later North Vietnamese forces overran the south. Economic reconstruction of the reunited country has proven difficult as aging Communist Party leaders have only grudgingly initiated reforms necessary for a free market. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook)

City District Population Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 3980000 Hanoi Hanoi 1410000 Haiphong Haiphong 783133 Da Nang Quang Nam-Da Nang 382674 Biên Hoa Dong Nai 282095 Nha Trang Khanh Hoa 221331 Hue Thua Thien-Hue 219149 Can Tho Can Tho 215587 Cam Pha Quang Binh 209086 Nam Dinh Nam Ha 171699 Quy Nhon Binh Dinh 163385 Vung Tau Ba Ria-Vung Tau 145145 Rach Gia Kien Giang 141132 Long Xuyen An Giang 132681 Thai Nguyen Bac Thai 127643 Hong Gai Quang Ninh 127484 Phan Thiêt Binh Thuan 114236 Cam Ranh Khanh Hoa 114041 Vinh Nghe An 112455 My Tho Tien Giang 108404 Da Lat Lam Dong 106409 Buon Ma Thuot Dac Lac 97044

Language Percentage Chinese 1.4 Khmer 1.4 Man 0.7 Miao 0.9 Muong 1.5 Nung 1.1 Thai 1.6 Tho 1.8 Vietnamese 86.8

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Venezuela

Venezuela   » Capital City : Caracas » Continent : South America » Region : South America » Surface Area : 912050.00 » ISO Code : VE » ISD Code : 58 » Currancy : Bolivar (VEB) » Local Time : UTC -4h

Independence Year : 1811 Population : 24700000 Life Expectancy : 73.1 Capital : 3539 GNP : 95023.00 GNP Old : 88434.00 Local Name : Venezuela Government Form : Federal Republic Location : Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean Terrain : Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains; Guiana Highlands in southeast Climate : Varies from tropical to temperate, depending on elevation Ethnic Group : Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, Amerindian Religions : Roman Catholic 96%,Protestant 2%, other 2% Official Website :www.venezuela.gov.ve

Genral Information - Venezuela Background Venezuela was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Ecuador). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Current concerns include: drug-related conflicts along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook)

City District Population Caracas Distrito Federal 1975294 Maracaíbo Zulia 1304776 Barquisimeto Lara 877239 Valencia Carabobo 794246 Ciudad Guayana Bolívar 663713 Petare Miranda 488868 Maracay Aragua 444443 Barcelona Anzoátegui 322267 Maturín Monagas 319726 San Cristóbal Táchira 319373 Ciudad Bolívar Bolívar 301107 Cumaná Sucre 293105 Mérida Mérida 224887 Cabimas Zulia 221329 Barinas Barinas 217831 Turmero Aragua 217499 Baruta Miranda 207290 Puerto Cabello Carabobo 187722 Santa Ana de Coro Falcón 185766 Los Teques Miranda 178784 Punto Fijo Falcón 167215 Guarenas Miranda 165889 Acarigua Portuguesa 158954 Puerto La Cruz Anzoátegui 155700 Ciudad Losada 134501 Guacara Carabobo 131334 Valera Trujillo 130281 Guanare Portuguesa 125621 Carúpano Sucre 119639 Catia La Mar Distrito Federal 117012 El Tigre Anzoátegui 116256 Guatire Miranda 109121 Calabozo Guárico 107146 Pozuelos Anzoátegui 105690 Ciudad Ojeda Zulia 99354 Ocumare del Tuy Miranda 97168 Valle de la Pascua Guárico 95927 Araure Portuguesa 94269 San Fernando de Apure Apure 93809 San Felipe Yaracuy 90940 El Limón Aragua 90000

Language Percentage Goajiro 0.4 Spanish 96.9 Warrau 0.1

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Vanuatu

About Vanuatu    » Capital City : Port Vila » Continent : Oceania » Region : Melanesia » Surface Area : 14760.00 » ISO Code : VU » ISD Code : 678 » Currancy : Vatu (VUV) » Local Time : UTC +11h

Independence Year : 1980 Population : 190000 Life Expectancy : 60.6 Capital : 3537 GNP : 261.00 GNP Old : 246.00 Local Name : Vanuatu Government Form : Republic Location : Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and west of Fiji Terrain : Mostly mountains of volcanic origin, narrow coastal plains Climate : Maritime tropical; moderate rainfall from November to April Ethnic Group : 94% ni-Vanuatu; 4% European; 2% other Pacific Islanders, Asian Religions : Predominantly Christian Official Website :www.vanuatugovernment.gov.vu

Genral Information - Vanuatu Background The Republic of Vanuatu is an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and west of Fiji, that comprises about 80 islands. Of these, there are thirteen major islands, and nine home active volcanoes. British and French settled the islands in the 19th century, they agreed in 1906 to administer the islands jointly, called the British-French Condominium, which last until independence in 1980. Vanuatu is recognised as one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world. Besides the Ni-Vanuatu people there are small communities of French, British, Australian, new Zealand, Vietnamese, Chinese and other Pacific Island people.

City District Population Port-Vila Shefa 33700

Language Percentage Bislama 56.6 English 28.3 French 14.2

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Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan   » Capital City : Tashkent » Continent : Asia » Region : Southern and Central Asia » Surface Area : 447400.00 » ISO Code : UZ » ISD Code : 998 » Currancy : Uzbekistani Soum (UZS) » Local Time : UTC + 5h

Independence Year : 1991 Population : 24318000 Life Expectancy : 63.7 Capital : 3503 GNP : 14194.00 GNP Old : 21300.00 Local Name : Uzbekiston Government Form : Republic Location : Central Asia, landlocked country north of Afghanistan Terrain : Mostly plains, intenselyirrigated river valleys along Amu Darya and Syr Darya; shrinking Aral Sea; In the east and northeast of the country are situated spurs of Tien-Shan and the Pamirs. Climate : Desert-continental; long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east Ethnic Group : Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5%. Religions : Muslim 88% (Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%. Official Website : www.mfa.uz

Genral Information - Uzbekistan Background Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1925. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. \Current concerns include insurgency by Islamic militants based in Tajikistan and Afghanistan, a non-convertible currency, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook)

City District Population Toskent Toskent Shahri 2117500 Namangan Namangan 370500 Samarkand Samarkand 361800 Andijon Andijon 318600 Buhoro Buhoro 237100 Karsi Qashqadaryo 194100 Nukus Karakalpakistan 194100 Kükon Fargona 190100 Fargona Fargona 180500 Circik Toskent 146400 Margilon Fargona 140800 Ürgenc Khorazm 138900 Angren Toskent 128000 Cizah Cizah 124800 Navoi Navoi 116300 Olmalik Toskent 114900 Termiz Surkhondaryo 109500

Language Percentage Karakalpak 2.0 Kazakh 3.8 Russian 10.9 Tadzhik 4.4 Tatar 1.8 Uzbek 72.6

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